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Alex Ferrin, Julio Larrea, Miguel Realpe, & Daniel Ochoa. (2018). Detection of utility poles from noisy Point Cloud Data in Urban environments. In Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing Conference (AICCC 2018) (pp. 53–57).
Abstract: In recent years 3D urban maps have become more common, thus providing complex point clouds that include diverse urban furniture such as pole-like objects. Utility poles detection in urban environment is of particular interest for electric utility companies in order to maintain an updated inventory for better planning and management. The present study develops an automatic method for the detection of utility poles from noisy point cloud data of Guayaquil – Ecuador, where many poles are located next to buildings, or houses are built until the border of the sidewalk getting very close to poles, which increases the difficulty of discriminating poles, walls, columns, fences and building corners.
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Miguel Realpe, Boris X. Vintimilla, & Ljubo Vlacic. (2015). Sensor Fault Detection and Diagnosis for autonomous vehicles. In 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics, Automation and Manufacturing (ICMAM 2015), International Conference on, Singapur, 2015 (Vol. 30, pp. 1–6). EDP Sciences.
Abstract: In recent years testing autonomous vehicles on public roads has become a reality. However, before having autonomous vehicles completely accepted on the roads, they have to demonstrate safe operation and reliable interaction with other traffic participants. Furthermore, in real situations and long term operation, there is always the possibility that diverse components may fail. This paper deals with possible sensor faults by defining a federated sensor data fusion architecture. The proposed architecture is designed to detect obstacles in an autonomous vehicle’s environment while detecting a faulty sensor using SVM models for fault detection and diagnosis. Experimental results using sensor information from the KITTI dataset confirm the feasibility of the proposed architecture to detect soft and hard faults from a particular sensor.
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Wilton Agila, Ricardo Cajo, & Douglas Plaza. (2015). Experts Agents in PEM Fuel Cell Control. In 4ta International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (pp. 896–900). Palermo, Italy: IEEE.
Abstract: In the control of the PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell, the existence of both deliberative and reactive processes that facilitate the tasks of control resulting from a wide range of operating scenarios and range of conditions it is required. The latter is essential to adjust its parameters to the multiplicity of circumstances that may occur in the operation of the PEM stack. In this context, the design and development of an expert-agents based architecture for autonomous control of the PEM stack in top working conditions is presented. The architecture integrates perception and control algorithms using sensory and context information. It is structured in a hierarchy of levels with different time window and level of abstraction. The monitoring model and autonomic control of PEM stack has been validated with different types of PEM stacks and operating conditions demonstrating high reliability in achieving the objective of the proposed energy efficiency. Dynamic control of the wetting of the membrane is a clear example.
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Ricardo Cajo, & Wilton Agila. (2015). Evaluation of algorithms for linear and nonlinear PID control for Twin Rotor MIMO System. In Computer Aided System Engineering (APCASE), 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on, Quito, 2015 (pp. 214–219). IEEE.
Abstract: In this paper the linear and nonlinear PID control algorithms are analyzed and for a twin rotor MIMO system (TRMS), whose characteristic is not linear with two degrees of freedom and cross-links. The aim of this work is to stabilize the TRMS, to achieve a particular position and follow a trajectory in the shortest time. Mathematical modeling of helicopter model is simulated using MATLAB / Simulink, the two degrees of freedom are controlled both horizontally and vertically through the proposed controllers. Also nonlinear segmented observers for each degree of freedom are designed in order to measure statements required by the nonlinear controller. Followed, a comparative analysis of both algorithms is presented to evaluate their performance in the real TRMS.
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Rubio, G. A., Agila, W.E. (2021). A fuzzy model to manage water in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. In Processes Journal. (Article number 904), Vol. 9(Issue 6).
Abstract: In this paper, a fuzzy model is presented to determine in real-time the degree of dehydration or flooding of a proton exchange membrane of a fuel cell, to optimize its electrical response and consequently, its autonomous operation. By applying load, current and flux variations in the dry, normal, and flooded states of the membrane, it was determined that the temporal evolution of the fuel cell voltage is characterized by changes in slope and by its voltage oscillations. The results were validated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and show slope changes from 0.435 to 0.52 and oscillations from 3.6 mV to 5.2 mV in the dry state, and slope changes from 0.2 to 0.3 and oscillations from 1 mV to 2 mV in the flooded state. The use of fuzzy logic is a novelty and constitutes a step towards the progressive automation of the supervision, perception, and intelligent control of fuel cells, allowing them to reduce their risks and increase their economic benefits.
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Miguel Oliveira, Vítor Santos, Angel D. Sappa, & Paulo Dias. (2015). Scene representations for autonomous driving: an approach based on polygonal primitives. In Iberian Robotics Conference (ROBOT 2015), Lisbon, Portugal, 2015 (Vol. 417, pp. 503–515). Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a novel methodology to compute a 3D scene representation. The algorithm uses macro scale polygonal primitives to model the scene. This means that the representation of the scene is given as a list of large scale polygons that describe the geometric structure of the environment. Results show that the approach is capable of producing accurate descriptions of the scene. In addition, the algorithm is very efficient when compared to other techniques.
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Cristhian A. Aguilera, Cristhian Aguilera, & Angel D. Sappa. (2018). Melamine faced panels defect classification beyond the visible spectrum. In Sensors 2018, Vol. 11(Issue 11).
Abstract: In this work, we explore the use of images from different spectral bands to classify defects in melamine faced panels, which could appear through the production process. Through experimental evaluation, we evaluate the use of images from the visible (VS), near-infrared (NIR), and long wavelength infrared (LWIR), to classify the defects using a feature descriptor learning approach together with a support vector machine classifier. Two descriptors were evaluated, Extended Local Binary Patterns (E-LBP) and SURF using a Bag of Words (BoW) representation. The evaluation was carried on with an image set obtained during this work, which contained five different defect categories that currently occurs in the industry. Results show that using images from beyond
the visual spectrum helps to improve classification performance in contrast with a single visible spectrum solution.
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Jacome-Galarza L.-R., R. R. M. - A., Paillacho Corredores J., Benavides Maldonado J.-L. (2022). Time series in sensor data using state of the art deep learning approaches: A systematic literature review. In VII International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation for Society (CITIS 2021), mayo 26-28. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. (Vol. 252, pp. 503–514).
Abstract: IoT (Internet of Things) and AI (Artificial Intelligence) are becoming
support tools for several current technological solutions due to significant advancements of these areas. The development of the IoT in various technological fields has contributed to predicting the behavior of various systems such as mechanical, electronic, and control using sensor networks. On the other hand, deep learning architectures have achieved excellent results in complex tasks, where patterns have been extracted in time series. This study has reviewed the most efficient deep learning architectures for forecasting and obtaining trends over time, together with data produced by IoT sensors. In this way, it is proposed to contribute to applications in fields in which IoT is contributing a technological advance such as smart cities, industry 4.0, sustainable agriculture, or robotics. Among the architectures studied in this article related to the process of time series data we have: LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) for its high precision in prediction and the ability to automatically process input sequences; CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) mainly in human activity
recognition; hybrid architectures in which there is a convolutional layer for data pre-processing and RNN (Recurrent Neural Networks) for data fusion from different sensors and their subsequent classification; and stacked LSTM Autoencoders that extract the variables from time series in an unsupervised way without the need of manual data pre-processing.Finally, well-known technologies in natural language processing are also used in time series data prediction, such as the attention mechanism and embeddings obtaining promising results.
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Carlos Monsalve, & Alain April and Alain Abran. (2011). Measuring software functional size from business process models. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Vol. 21, pp. 311–338.
Abstract: ISO 14143-1 specifies that a functional size measurement (FSM) method must provide measurement procedures to quantify the functional user requirements (FURs) of software. Such quantitative information, functional size, is typically used, for instance, in software estimation. One of the international standards for FSM is the COSMIC FSM method — ISO 19761 — which was designed to be applied both to the business application (BA) software domain and to the real-time software domain. A recurrent problem in FSM is the availability and quality of the inputs required for measurement purposes; that is, well documented FURs. Business process (BP) models, as they are commonly used to gather requirements from the early stages of a project, could be a valuable source of information for FSM. In a previous article, the feasibility of such an approach for the BA domain was analyzed using the Qualigram BP modeling notation. This paper complements that work by: (1) analyzing the use of BPMN for FSM in the BA domain; (2) presenting notation-independent guidelines for the BA domain; and (3) analyzing the possibility of using BP models to perform FSM in the real-time domain. The measurement results obtained from BP models are compared with those of previous FSM case studies.
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Miguel Realpe, Jonathan S. Paillacho Corredores, & Joe Saverio & Allan Alarcon. (2019). Open Source system for identification of corn leaf chlorophyll contents based on multispectral images. In International Conference on Applied Technologies (ICAT 2019); Quito, Ecuador (pp. 572–581).
Abstract: It is important for farmers to know the level of chlorophyll in plants since this depends on the treatment they should give to their crops. There are two common classic methods to get chlorophyll values: from laboratory analysis and electronic devices. Both methods obtain the chlorophyll level of one sample at a time, although they can be destructive. The objective of this research is to develop a system that allows obtaining the chlorophyll level of plants using images.
Python programming language and different libraries of that language were used to develop the solution. It was decided to implement an image labeling module, a simple linear regression and a prediction module. The first module was used to create a database that links the values of the images with those of chlorophyll, which was then used to obtain linear regression in order to determine the relationship between these variables. Finally, the linear
regression was used in the prediction system to obtain chlorophyll values from the images. The linear regression was trained with 92 images, obtaining a root-mean-square error of 7.27 SPAD units. While the testing was perform using 10 values getting a maximum error of 15.5%.
It is concluded that the system is appropriate for chlorophyll contents identification of corn leaves in field tests.
However, it can also be adapted for other measurement and crops. The system can be downloaded at github.com/JoeSvr95/NDVI-Checking [1].
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