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Xavier Soria, Angel D. Sappa, & Riad Hammoud. (2018). Wide-Band Color Imagery Restoration for RGB-NIR Single Sensor Image. Sensors 2018 ,2059.Vol. 18(Issue 7).
Abstract: Multi-spectral RGB-NIR sensors have become ubiquitous in recent years. These sensors allow the visible and near-infrared spectral bands of a given scene to be captured at the same time. With such cameras, the acquired imagery has a compromised RGB color representation due to near-infrared bands (700–1100 nm) cross-talking with the visible bands (400–700 nm). This paper proposes two deep learning-based architectures to recover the full RGB color images, thus removing the NIR information from the visible bands. The proposed approaches directly restore the high-resolution RGB image by means of convolutional neural networks. They are evaluated with several outdoor images; both architectures reach a similar performance when evaluated in different scenarios and using different similarity metrics. Both of them improve the state of the art approaches.
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Patricia L. Suárez, A. D. S. and B. X. V. (2021). Deep learning-based vegetation index estimation. In Generative Adversarial Networks for Image-to-Image Translation Book. (Vol. Chapter 9, pp. 205–232).
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Cristhian A. Aguilera, Cristhian Aguilera, & Angel D. Sappa. (2018). Melamine faced panels defect classification beyond the visible spectrum. In Sensors 2018, Vol. 11(Issue 11).
Abstract: In this work, we explore the use of images from different spectral bands to classify defects in melamine faced panels, which could appear through the production process. Through experimental evaluation, we evaluate the use of images from the visible (VS), near-infrared (NIR), and long wavelength infrared (LWIR), to classify the defects using a feature descriptor learning approach together with a support vector machine classifier. Two descriptors were evaluated, Extended Local Binary Patterns (E-LBP) and SURF using a Bag of Words (BoW) representation. The evaluation was carried on with an image set obtained during this work, which contained five different defect categories that currently occurs in the industry. Results show that using images from beyond
the visual spectrum helps to improve classification performance in contrast with a single visible spectrum solution.
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Rafael E. Rivadeneira, Angel D. Sappa, Boris X. Vintimilla, Lin Guo, Jiankun Hou, Armin Mehri, et al. (2020). Thermal Image Super-Resolution Challenge – PBVS 2020. In The 16th IEEE Workshop on Perception Beyond the Visible Spectrum on the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recongnition (CVPR 2020) (Vol. 2020-June, pp. 432–439).
Abstract: This paper summarizes the top contributions to the first challenge on thermal image super-resolution (TISR) which was organized as part of the Perception Beyond the Visible Spectrum (PBVS) 2020 workshop. In this challenge, a novel thermal image dataset is considered together with stateof-the-art approaches evaluated under a common framework.
The dataset used in the challenge consists of 1021 thermal images, obtained from three distinct thermal cameras at different resolutions (low-resolution, mid-resolution, and high-resolution), resulting in a total of 3063 thermal images. From each resolution, 951 images are used for training and 50 for testing while the 20 remaining images are used for two proposed evaluations. The first evaluation consists of downsampling the low-resolution, midresolution, and high-resolution thermal images by x2, x3 and x4 respectively, and comparing their super-resolution
results with the corresponding ground truth images. The second evaluation is comprised of obtaining the x2 superresolution from a given mid-resolution thermal image and comparing it with the corresponding semi-registered highresolution thermal image. Out of 51 registered participants, 6 teams reached the final validation phase.
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Henry O. Velesaca, Raul A. Mira, Patricia L. Suarez, Christian X. Larrea, & Angel D. Sappa. (2020). Deep Learning based Corn Kernel Classification. In The 1st International Workshop and Prize Challenge on Agriculture-Vision: Challenges & Opportunities for Computer Vision in Agriculture on the Conference Computer on Vision and Pattern Recongnition (CVPR 2020) (Vol. 2020-June, pp. 294–302).
Abstract: This paper presents a full pipeline to classify sample sets of corn kernels. The proposed approach follows a segmentation-classification scheme. The image segmentation is performed through a well known deep learning based
approach, the Mask R-CNN architecture, while the classification is performed by means of a novel-lightweight network specially designed for this task—good corn kernel, defective corn kernel and impurity categories are considered.
As a second contribution, a carefully annotated multitouching corn kernel dataset has been generated. This dataset has been used for training the segmentation and
the classification modules. Quantitative evaluations have been performed and comparisons with other approaches provided showing improvements with the proposed pipeline.
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Henry O. Velesaca, S. A., Patricia L. Suarez, Ángel Sanchez & Angel D. Sappa. (2020). Off-the-Shelf Based System for Urban Environment Video Analytics. In The 27th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP 2020) (Vol. 2020-July, pp. 459–464).
Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation details of a system build-up by using off-the-shelf algorithms for urban video analytics. The system allows the connection to public video surveillance camera networks to obtain the necessary
information to generate statistics from urban scenarios (e.g., amount of vehicles, type of cars, direction, numbers of persons, etc.). The obtained information could be used not only for traffic management but also to estimate the carbon footprint of urban scenarios. As a case study, a university campus is selected to
evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The system is implemented in a modular way so that it is being used as a testbed to evaluate different algorithms. Implementation results are provided showing the validity and utility of the proposed approach.
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Xavier Soria, Edgar Riba, & Angel D. Sappa. (2020). Dense Extreme Inception Network: Towards a Robust CNN Model for Edge Detection. In 2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) (pp. 1912–1921).
Abstract: This paper proposes a Deep Learning based edge de- tector, which is inspired on both HED (Holistically-Nested Edge Detection) and Xception networks. The proposed ap- proach generates thin edge-maps that are plausible for hu- man eyes; it can be used in any edge detection task without previous training or fine tuning process. As a second contri- bution, a large dataset with carefully annotated edges, has been generated. This dataset has been used for training the proposed approach as well the state-of-the-art algorithms for comparisons. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations have been performed on different benchmarks showing im- provements with the proposed method when F-measure of ODS and OIS are considered.
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Ángel Morera, Á. S., A. Belén Moreno, Angel D. Sappa, & José F. Vélez. (2020). SSD vs. YOLO for Detection of Outdoor Urban Advertising Panels under Multiple Variabilities. In Sensors, Vol. 2020-August(16), pp. 1–23.
Abstract: This work compares Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) and You Only Look Once (YOLO)
deep neural networks for the outdoor advertisement panel detection problem by handling multiple
and combined variabilities in the scenes. Publicity panel detection in images o ers important
advantages both in the real world as well as in the virtual one. For example, applications like Google
Street View can be used for Internet publicity and when detecting these ads panels in images, it could
be possible to replace the publicity appearing inside the panels by another from a funding company.
In our experiments, both SSD and YOLO detectors have produced acceptable results under variable
sizes of panels, illumination conditions, viewing perspectives, partial occlusion of panels, complex
background and multiple panels in scenes. Due to the diculty of finding annotated images for the
considered problem, we created our own dataset for conducting the experiments. The major strength
of the SSD model was the almost elimination of False Positive (FP) cases, situation that is preferable
when the publicity contained inside the panel is analyzed after detecting them. On the other side,
YOLO produced better panel localization results detecting a higher number of True Positive (TP)
panels with a higher accuracy. Finally, a comparison of the two analyzed object detection models
with di erent types of semantic segmentation networks and using the same evaluation metrics is
also included.
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Cristhian A. Aguilera, C. A., Cristóbal A. Navarro, & Angel D. Sappa. (2020). Fast CNN Stereo Depth Estimation through Embedded GPU Devices. Sensors 2020, Vol. 2020-June(11), pp. 1–13.
Abstract: Current CNN-based stereo depth estimation models can barely run under real-time
constraints on embedded graphic processing unit (GPU) devices. Moreover, state-of-the-art
evaluations usually do not consider model optimization techniques, being that it is unknown what is
the current potential on embedded GPU devices. In this work, we evaluate two state-of-the-art models
on three different embedded GPU devices, with and without optimization methods, presenting
performance results that illustrate the actual capabilities of embedded GPU devices for stereo depth
estimation. More importantly, based on our evaluation, we propose the use of a U-Net like architecture
for postprocessing the cost-volume, instead of a typical sequence of 3D convolutions, drastically
augmenting the runtime speed of current models. In our experiments, we achieve real-time inference
speed, in the range of 5–32 ms, for 1216 368 input stereo images on the Jetson TX2, Jetson Xavier,
and Jetson Nano embedded devices.
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Juan A. Carvajal, Dennis G. Romero, & Angel D. Sappa. (2017). Fine-tuning deep convolutional networks for lepidopterous genus recognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10125 LNCS, pp. 467–475.
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