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Rafael E. Rivadeneira, Angel D. Sappa, Boris X. Vintimilla, Lin Guo, Jiankun Hou, Armin Mehri, et al. (2020). Thermal Image Super-Resolution Challenge – PBVS 2020. In The 16th IEEE Workshop on Perception Beyond the Visible Spectrum on the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recongnition (CVPR 2020) (Vol. 2020-June, pp. 432–439).
Abstract: This paper summarizes the top contributions to the first challenge on thermal image super-resolution (TISR) which was organized as part of the Perception Beyond the Visible Spectrum (PBVS) 2020 workshop. In this challenge, a novel thermal image dataset is considered together with stateof-the-art approaches evaluated under a common framework.
The dataset used in the challenge consists of 1021 thermal images, obtained from three distinct thermal cameras at different resolutions (low-resolution, mid-resolution, and high-resolution), resulting in a total of 3063 thermal images. From each resolution, 951 images are used for training and 50 for testing while the 20 remaining images are used for two proposed evaluations. The first evaluation consists of downsampling the low-resolution, midresolution, and high-resolution thermal images by x2, x3 and x4 respectively, and comparing their super-resolution
results with the corresponding ground truth images. The second evaluation is comprised of obtaining the x2 superresolution from a given mid-resolution thermal image and comparing it with the corresponding semi-registered highresolution thermal image. Out of 51 registered participants, 6 teams reached the final validation phase.
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Miguel Realpe, Boris X. Vintimilla, & Ljubo Vlacic. (2016). Multi-sensor Fusion Module in a Fault Tolerant Perception System for Autonomous Vehicles. Journal of Automation and Control Engineering (JOACE), Vol. 4, pp. 430–436.
Abstract: Driverless vehicles are currently being tested on public roads in order to examine their ability to perform in a safe and reliable way in real world situations. However, the long-term reliable operation of a vehicle’s diverse sensors and the effects of potential sensor faults in the vehicle system have not been tested yet. This paper is proposing a sensor fusion architecture that minimizes the influence of a sensor fault. Experimental results are presented simulating faults by introducing displacements in the sensor information from the KITTI dataset.
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Rafael E. Rivadeneira, Patricia L. Suarez, Angel D. Sappa, & Boris X. Vintimilla. (2019). Thermal Image SuperResolution through Deep Convolutional Neural Network. In 16th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition (ICIAR 2019); Waterloo, Canadá (pp. 417–426).
Abstract: Due to the lack of thermal image datasets, a new dataset has been acquired for proposed a superesolution approach using a Deep Convolution Neural Network schema. In order to achieve this image enhancement process a new thermal images dataset is used. Di?erent experiments have been carried out, ?rstly, the proposed architecture has been trained using only images of the visible spectrum, and later it has been trained with images of the thermal spectrum, the results showed that with the network trained with thermal images, better results are obtained in the process of enhancing the images, maintaining the image details and perspective. The thermal dataset is available at http://www.cidis.espol.edu.ec/es/dataset
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Patricia L. Suarez, Angel D. Sappa, & Boris X. Vintimilla. (2018). Cross-spectral image dehaze through a dense stacked conditional GAN based approach. In 14th IEEE International Conference on Signal Image Technology & Internet based Systems (SITIS 2018) (pp. 358–364).
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel approach to remove haze from RGB images using a near infrared images based on a dense stacked conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN). The architecture of the deep network implemented receives, besides the images with haze, its corresponding image in the near infrared spectrum, which serve to accelerate the learning process of the details of the characteristics of the images. The model uses a triplet layer that allows the independence learning of each channel of the visible spectrum image to remove the haze on each color channel separately. A multiple loss function scheme is proposed, which ensures balanced learning between the colors and the structure of the images. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method effectively removes the haze from the images. Additionally, the proposed approach is compared with a state of the art approach showing better results.
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Patricia L. Suarez, Angel D. Sappa, & Boris X. Vintimilla. (2018). Vegetation Index Estimation from Monospectral Images. In 15th International Conference, Image Analysis and Recognition (ICIAR 2018), Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 10882, pp. 353–362).
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel approach to estimate Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from just the red channel of
a RGB image. The NDVI index is defined as the ratio of the difference
of the red and infrared radiances over their sum. In other words, information
from the red channel of a RGB image and the corresponding
infrared spectral band are required for its computation. In the current
work the NDVI index is estimated just from the red channel by training a
Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN). The architecture
proposed for the generative network consists of a single level structure,
which combines at the final layer results from convolutional operations
together with the given red channel with Gaussian noise to enhance
details, resulting in a sharp NDVI image. Then, the discriminative model
estimates the probability that the NDVI generated index came from the
training dataset, rather than the index automatically generated. Experimental
results with a large set of real images are provided showing that
a Conditional GAN single level model represents an acceptable approach
to estimate NDVI index.
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Rafael E. Rivadeneira, A. D. S., Boris X. Vintimilla, Jin Kim, Dogun Kim et al. (2022). Thermal Image Super-Resolution Challenge Results- PBVS 2022. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, (CVPRW 2022), junio 19-24. (Vol. 2022-June, pp. 349–357).
Abstract: This paper presents results from the third Thermal Image
Super-Resolution (TISR) challenge organized in the Perception Beyond the Visible Spectrum (PBVS) 2022 workshop.
The challenge uses the same thermal image dataset as the
first two challenges, with 951 training images and 50 validation images at each resolution. A set of 20 images was
kept aside for testing. The evaluation tasks were to measure
the PSNR and SSIM between the SR image and the ground
truth (HR thermal noisy image downsampled by four), and
also to measure the PSNR and SSIM between the SR image
and the semi-registered HR image (acquired with another
camera). The results outperformed those from last year’s
challenge, improving both evaluation metrics. This year,
almost 100 teams participants registered for the challenge,
showing the community’s interest in this hot topic.
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Dennis G. Romero, A. Frizera, Angel D. Sappa, Boris X. Vintimilla, & T.F. Bastos. (2015). A predictive model for human activity recognition by observing actions and context. In ACIVS 2015 (Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems), International Conference on, Catania, Italy, 2015 (pp. 323–333).
Abstract: This paper presents a novel model to estimate human activities – a human activity is defined by a set of human actions. The proposed approach is based on the usage of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Bayesian inference through the continuous monitoring of human actions and its surrounding environment. In the current work human activities are inferred considering not only visual analysis but also additional resources; external sources of information, such as context information, are incorporated to contribute to the activity estimation. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in the way the information is encoded, so that it can be later associated according to a predefined semantic structure. Hence, a pattern representing a given activity can be defined by a set of actions, plus contextual information or other kind of information that could be relevant to describe the activity. Experimental results with real data are provided showing the validity of the proposed approach.
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Patricia L. Suarez, Angel D. Sappa, & Boris X. Vintimilla. (2017). Colorizing Infrared Images through a Triplet Condictional DCGAN Architecture. In 19th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing. (pp. 287–297).
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Emmanuel F. Morán, B. X. V., Miguel A. Realpe. (2024). Towards a Robust Solution for the Supermarket Shelf Audit Problem: Obsolete Price Tags in Shelves. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 26th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition, CIARP 2023 Coimbra 27 – 30 November 2023 (Vol. Vol. 14470, 257–271).
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Miguel Realpe, Boris X. Vintimilla, & L. Vlacic. (2015). Towards Fault Tolerant Perception for autonomous vehicles: Local Fusion. In IEEE 7th International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems (CIS) and IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics (RAM), Siem Reap, 2015. (pp. 253–258).
Abstract: Many robust sensor fusion strategies have been developed in order to reliably detect the surrounding environments of an autonomous vehicle. However, in real situations there is always the possibility that sensors or other components may fail. Thus, internal modules and sensors need to be monitored to ensure their proper function. This paper introduces a general view of a perception architecture designed to detect and classify obstacles in an autonomous vehicle's environment using a fault tolerant framework, whereas elaborates the object detection and local fusion modules proposed in order to achieve the modularity and real-time process required by the system.
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